Taxi and private hire
Taxi Insurance
for private hire, hackney carriage and app drivers
Taxi insurance covers a licensed vehicle carrying passengers for hire and reward. The class of use is the whole point: a private car policy does not cover paying passengers, so doing taxi work on one means driving uninsured, whatever else the policy says.
- Private hire and hackney carriage
- Single vehicle through to fleets
- App, account and rank work
Quick answerTaxi insurance is motor cover written for hire and reward, which is what carrying paying passengers requires and what an ordinary car policy does not include. Tell MyMoneyComparison.com about the vehicle and your licence once, and specialist UK brokers can come back with quotes. Free to use, no obligation.
The basics
What Is Taxi Insurance?
Taxi insurance is motor insurance written for hire and reward: carrying passengers in return for payment. It is not a bolt-on to an ordinary car policy and it is not the same product with a different label. The class of use is the difference, and it is the difference that decides whether you are insured at all.
Everything else about the cover follows from your licence. What you are allowed to do, where you are allowed to do it, and who is allowed to drive are all set by a licensing authority, and a taxi policy is written to match. Get the licence and the policy out of step and the problem shows up at the worst possible moment.
Who needs it
- Hackney carriage drivers working ranks and street hails
- Private hire drivers taking pre-booked work
- Drivers on Uber, Bolt and other app platforms
- Owner drivers who own the vehicle as well as drive it
- Proprietors renting a plated vehicle to other badged drivers
- Operators running two or more vehicles as a fleet
One policy, several parts
What sits inside a taxi policy
- Hire and reward useThe class of use that makes it legal
- Third party liabilityRequired by law before you drive
- The vehicleDamage, fire and theft, on comprehensive
- PassengersLiability to the people you carry
- Loss of earnings coverOptional, and the one drivers miss
The thing that decides everything
Hire and Reward: the Class of Use That Matters
An ordinary car policy covers social, domestic and pleasure use, and often commuting and business use as well. None of those covers carrying passengers for payment. Hire and reward is a separate class of use, and doing taxi work without it means the vehicle is being used uninsured, which is a criminal offence.
| Class of use | What it allows | Covers a paying passenger | What that means |
|---|---|---|---|
| Social, domestic and pleasure | Your own journeys | No | Carrying a paying passenger on this is driving uninsured |
| Commuting | Adds travel to one place of work | No | Still your own journeys. Fares are not commuting |
| Business use | Adds driving for your employer | No | Business use is not the same as carrying passengers for payment |
| Hire and reward | Carrying passengers for payment | Yes | This is the class a taxi or private hire policy is written on |
This is worth understanding properly, because the law treats it differently from most other policy terms. The Road Traffic Act 1988 stops insurers restricting compulsory third party cover by reference to certain things, and one of them is where the vehicle is used. The purpose the vehicle is being used for is not on that list. That is precisely why a use restriction bites when an area restriction does not, and why carrying fares on a private car policy is the genuine uninsured-driving exposure in this market rather than the thing most articles warn about.
The consequences stack up
Driving without insurance carries penalty points, a fine, and the power to seize the vehicle. It is also almost always a ground for a licensing authority to act on your badge, and a conviction then follows you into every renewal quote for years.
Check the certificate, not the quote
The certificate of motor insurance states the permitted use in plain words. If it does not say hire and reward, or the wording your licensing authority requires, the price on the quote is irrelevant.
Social and private use is not automatic
Do not assume a taxi policy covers your own journeys as well. On at least some wordings the extension to social, domestic and pleasure use applies only where the certificate or schedule says so. Check yours rather than assuming it runs both ways.
The sections
What Does Taxi Insurance Cover?
A taxi policy covers third party liability as a minimum, liability to your passengers, and on comprehensive the vehicle itself. Loss of earnings, breakdown, a replacement plated vehicle, excess protection, glass, public liability and legal expenses are added depending on the work you do.
Third party liability
Injury to other people and damage to their property. The legal minimum, and the part you cannot drive without.
Your passengers
Liability for the people in the back. On a hire and reward policy this is the point of the cover, not an extra.
The vehicle itself
Accidental damage, fire and theft on a comprehensive policy. Third party fire and theft and third party only are the cheaper tiers.
Loss of earnings
A contribution while the vehicle is off the road after a claim. A taxi that is not moving is not earning, and this is the cover drivers most often wish they had bought.
Breakdown and recovery
Roadside assistance written for a vehicle that works long hours and high mileage, often with onward travel for the passenger.
Replacement vehicle
A like-for-like plated vehicle while yours is repaired. A courtesy hatchback is no use if your licence requires a wheelchair accessible vehicle.
Excess protection
Refunds the excess after a fault claim. Taxi excesses are usually higher than private car excesses, which is what makes this worth pricing.
Windscreen and glass
Its own limit and its own excess, separate from the main policy. High-mileage work means more chips than ordinary motoring.
Public liability
Injury or damage not arising from the driving itself, such as a passenger tripping on luggage. Not automatic and not compulsory. See below.
Legal expenses and uninsured loss
Recovering your excess and losses from an at-fault third party, and representation if your badge is challenged.
Any driver and fleet terms
Cover for anyone holding the right badge rather than a named list. Once there are several vehicles, a taxi fleet policy is usually simpler.
Larger vehicles
Eight-seat and wheelchair accessible vehicles rate differently. Minibus taxi and limousine cover are separate products.
Loss of earnings and a replacement plated vehicle are the two extensions worth pricing properly. Everything else on a taxi policy protects the car or the people around it. Those two protect the income, which is the thing a driver actually cannot do without.
Exclusions
What Is Not Covered?
A taxi claim can be reduced or declined where the driver did not hold a valid badge, where the work fell outside what was declared, or where security conditions were not met. Wear and tear, mechanical breakdown, passenger belongings and licensing penalties are normally excluded too.
Driving without the right badge
The exclusion that does the real damage. Policies commonly exclude cover where the driver does not hold a correct and valid private hire or hackney carriage driver licence. A revoked or expired badge is the realistic exposure case.
Working outside what you declared
Airport and account work, school contracts, courier work between fares, or moving to a different licensing authority without telling the insurer.
Wear, tear and mechanical breakdown
Insurance responds to sudden accidental events. A clutch at the end of its life on a high-mileage vehicle is a running cost.
Passenger belongings
Property left behind or damaged in the vehicle is usually outside the motor policy. Anything valuable carried regularly needs its own arrangement.
Security conditions not met
Keys left in the ignition at a rank, or an immobiliser required by the policy not fitted or not set.
Fines, penalties and licensing costs
Fixed penalties, court fines, and the cost of a suspended badge are consequences of operating, not insured losses.
Two different licences
Private Hire or Hackney Carriage?
A hackney carriage can be hired three ways: hailed in the street, taken from a rank, or pre-booked. A private hire vehicle can be hired one way only, through a licensed operator. That single difference drives the licensing, the signage, the fares and the insurance.
| Hackney carriage | Private hire | |
|---|---|---|
| Hailed in the street | Yes | No |
| Picked up from a rank | Yes | No |
| Pre-booked | Yes | Yes, and only this |
| Booked through a licensed operator | Not required | Required, every job |
| Operator licence needed | No, the operator regime is for private hire | Yes, someone must hold one |
| Taximeter and fare table | Fares regulated by the authority for hirings in its district | Fares agreed with the operator |
Private hire is by far the larger side of the market. Department for Transport figures for England put licensed private hire vehicles at around 290,000 against about 52,300 licensed hackney carriages at 1 April 2026, with roughly 417,300 driver licences and 19,000 private hire operators.
The rule that matters day to day is simple to state. A private hire vehicle may only carry a passenger whose booking was accepted by a licensed operator. Take a fare that did not come through the operator and you have breached the licensing regime, whether or not the separate offence of plying for hire is technically made out. Transport for London puts it plainly for the capital: private hire drivers are not allowed to pick people up on the street or at stations and airports, and may only carry out bookings through their operator.
Public hire cover
Written for hackney carriages working ranks and hails, where the next job is unplanned and the mileage pattern reflects it.
View coverPrivate hire cover
Written for pre-booked work through an operator, including app platforms.
View coverBlack cab and London
Purpose-built hackney carriages and the London licensing regime, which runs on its own statutes.
View coverThe rule nobody explains
Three Licences, and They Must All Come From One Council
Private hire outside London needs three separate licences: one for the vehicle, one for the driver, and one for the operator who takes the booking. The courts have held that all three must come from the same licensing authority. Mix them and the work is unlawful even though every licence is individually valid.
The vehicle licence
Held by the proprietor of the car. It plates the vehicle, sets the condition and testing standards, and in many areas sets an age limit on the car itself.
The driver licence
Held by the individual. This is the badge, and it comes with an enhanced DBS check and, in nearly every authority, safeguarding training.
The operator licence
Held by whoever accepts the booking and dispatches the car. It is the private hire regime only: a hackney carriage taking a pre-booked fare is not operating a private hire vehicle, so no operator licence is engaged for that work.
This is the trap, and it is a genuine one. A driver badged by one council can be driving a car plated by a second council, taking bookings from an operator licensed by a third. Every licence is valid. The arrangement is still unlawful, because the case law requires the vehicle, the driver and the operator to be licensed by the same authority. Operators get no relief at all here: an operator may only accept bookings in the district that licensed it. If you change council, change all three.
Licensing is deliberately local, and the courts have said so repeatedly. It is the single most common way a driver who believes they are fully compliant turns out not to be.
Where you can work
Working Outside Your Own District
Cross-border working is not unlawful in itself. A hackney carriage may take pre-booked fares anywhere in England and Wales. A private hire vehicle has a limited right to work outside the district that licensed it, but only on bookings from an operator licensed by that same district, and it may not pick up hails or ranks anywhere.
What you can do
The roam is real
A private hire journey can begin and end well outside the area that licensed the vehicle and driver. The courts have accepted that a journey may have no connection with the licensing area at all. Hackney carriages can take pre-booked work anywhere in England and Wales.
- Pre-booked work anywhere
- No requirement to return to the district
- Subcontracting between operators is permitted
What you cannot do
The limits are strict
A private hire vehicle may not ply for hire or use a rank outside its district, and may only fulfil bookings from an operator licensed by the same authority. The operator has no roaming right of its own and can only make provision for bookings in the district that licensed it.
- No hails, no ranks, anywhere
- Bookings must come from your own district’s operator
- Operators cannot take bookings from elsewhere
One recent change worth knowing if you run or drive for an operator. The Supreme Court held in 2025 that private hire operators outside London do not have to contract as principal with the passenger. In London they do. A good deal of confident commentary published in 2023 and 2024 said the opposite for the rest of England and Wales, and is now simply out of date.
Repeated everywhere, wrong anyway
Four Things This Market Gets Wrong
Taxi insurance advice online repeats several claims that do not survive checking. Working outside your licensed area does not void your compulsory cover. Waiting with an app on is not plying for hire. Public liability is not compulsory. And a passenger hurt in an uninsured taxi is not left with nothing.
Myth: working out of area voids your insurance
It does not, at least not for the cover the law requires. The Road Traffic Act expressly prevents an insurer from restricting compulsory third party cover by reference to the areas in which the vehicle is used. Working outside your district can be a licensing problem. It is not the insurance problem it is usually described as.
Myth: app work counts as plying for hire
The High Court decided otherwise. A private hire driver waiting in the street with the app on was held not to be plying for hire, because a vehicle icon on a map is not the vehicle being exhibited and soliciting custom. Trade commentary still says the reverse.
Myth: you must carry public liability
No statute anywhere in the UK makes public liability compulsory for taxi or private hire work. Some licensing authorities require it as a licence condition, but usually of the operator and usually attached to premises the public can walk into.
Myth: an uninsured taxi leaves passengers with nothing
Not so. Where a policy turns out not to cover the use, the insurer can still stand behind the third party claim, and the Motor Insurers’ Bureau exists for the cases where no policy responds. The driver is in serious trouble. The injured passenger is not abandoned.
What is actually true
The exposures that genuinely bite are the class of use, and driving without a valid badge. Both appear in policy wordings as express terms. Neither needs exaggerating to be alarming.
Why this matters for a quote
If an article is wrong about the law it is probably wrong about the cover. Compare the certificate wording and the permitted use against what your licensing authority requires, and treat everything else as commentary.
The cover people assume is compulsory
Public Liability, and What Councils Actually Require
Public liability insurance is not compulsory for taxi or private hire work anywhere in the UK. The only compulsory covers are third party motor insurance and, where there are employees, employers’ liability. Licensing authorities may require public liability as a condition, but usually of the operator and usually without stating a limit.
Not a statutory requirement
There is no Act making it compulsory. The Department for Transport’s guidance raises it in the context of private hire operator licensing, and describes checking that appropriate cover has been obtained as something it is appropriate for an authority to do.
It usually attaches to the premises
Where authorities do require it, the condition is generally about an operating centre members of the public can visit, not about carrying passengers. Driver licence conditions frequently say nothing about public liability at all.
Limits are usually not stated
Across the English licence conditions we looked at, authorities that require the cover mostly do not specify an amount. Northern Ireland is the exception we found with a hard figure: at least £5 million for a taxi operator licence where the public can access the premises.
So should you buy it
That is a commercial judgement rather than a legal one. It responds to things the motor policy does not, such as a passenger injured getting in or out or luggage damaged at the kerb. Some policies include it on higher tiers only.
Employers’ liability is different
If you employ anyone, including office staff at a base, employers’ liability is genuinely compulsory and carries a daily penalty. Liability cover for a taxi business usually needs both considered together.
Check your own authority
Conditions vary council by council and change without much announcement. Your licensing authority publishes its conditions, and those are the ones that decide whether your plate gets renewed.
Uber, Bolt and the rest
What App Work Does and Does Not Change
Less than people assume. Driving for an app platform is private hire work, so you still need a private hire driver licence, a licensed vehicle and a policy written for hire and reward. There is no separate product called Uber insurance. What differs is which insurers a platform will accept, and that differs by city.
You still need the licence
App platforms are licensed private hire operators. Drivers need a private hire licence from an authority the platform works with, and the vehicle needs to be licensed too. The app is the operator, not a substitute for one.
You still need hire and reward cover
Uber’s own published requirements put it plainly: you need insurance that covers the type of licensed driving you do and meets your local licensing authority’s requirements. That is the same test as any other private hire work.
London works differently
In London, drivers must use an insurance provider accepted by the platform and integrated with its document system. Outside London, Uber says drivers can choose any insurer as long as the policy covers the licensed driving and meets local requirements. Worth knowing before you shop.
Waiting with the app on is lawful
The High Court has held that a private hire driver waiting in the street for a booking to come through is not plying for hire. The booking is made before the specific vehicle is identified, which is what keeps it on the right side of the line.
Multi-apping is a declaration point
Working across more than one platform, or mixing app work with account and school contract work, changes the risk profile. Declare the mix rather than the main one.
App and traditional work together
Plenty of drivers run app work alongside a local operator or a rank licence. That can mean two licences and two sets of conditions, and the policy has to cover both. Cover for app drivers
Four regimes, one job
Taxi Licensing Across the UK
Taxi and private hire licensing is not one national system. England and Wales outside London run on Victorian and 1970s statutes administered by district councils, London has its own regime under Transport for London, Scotland has a single Act that draws the line differently, and Northern Ireland has one taxi regime rather than two.
| Where | How it works |
|---|---|
| England and Wales, outside London | Hackney carriage and private hire, licensed by the district or borough council. Three private hire licences: vehicle, driver and operator. |
| London | Taxis and taxi drivers licensed under the 1869 Act; private hire vehicles, drivers and operators licensed by Transport for London under the 1998 Act. Operators here do contract as principal. |
| Scotland | One statute covers both, and the distinction is drawn by how the hiring is made rather than by vehicle type. A taxi is engaged in a public place there and then; anything else is a private hire car. Booking offices need their own licence. |
| Northern Ireland | A single taxi regime rather than a hackney and private hire split, with operator licensing and a stated public liability requirement. |
National minimum standards are coming but are not here yet. Parliament passed the enabling power in 2026, and the standards themselves have not been made. Anyone telling you national standards already apply is ahead of the law; anyone telling you the government has never legislated for them is behind it. Until standards are made, your own licensing authority’s conditions are the ones that count.
Pricing
What Affects the Cost of Taxi Insurance?
Taxi insurance has no standard price. Insurers weigh your age, driving and badge experience, claims and convictions, the vehicle, your licence type and where you work, the annual mileage and the kind of jobs you take, and the cover level and extras chosen.
You
- Age and driving experienceYears held on a full licence, and years holding the badge.
- Claims and convictionsMotor claims, endorsements and any licensing history.
- How long you have been badgedA new badge and a new venture both rate harder than an established record.
The vehicle
- Value and engine sizeWhat it costs to repair or replace.
- Type and capacitySaloon, MPV, purpose-built hackney or wheelchair accessible.
- Where it is keptOvernight location and security.
The work
- Licence typePublic hire, private hire, or both.
- Where you workThe licensing authority and the area actually covered.
- Annual mileageFull-time rank work and part-time evenings are different risks.
- Airport, account and school workEach changes the pattern and should be declared.
The policy
- Cover levelComprehensive, third party fire and theft, or third party only.
- ExcessA higher voluntary excess lowers the premium.
- Who drivesNamed drivers or any driver with the right badge.
- ExtrasLoss of earnings, replacement vehicle, excess protection and breakdown.
We do not publish example taxi premiums, and we will not rank these factors either. No UK body publishes taxi premium data: the Association of British Insurers’ motor tracker covers privately owned cars, and the Financial Conduct Authority’s value measures data covers products sold to consumers rather than commercial motor. Every average you see quoted for taxi cover is an assertion. A quote costs nothing and reflects your actual licence, vehicle and record.
Before you buy or renew
What You Need for a Taxi Quote
To get a taxi insurance quote you need your licensing authority and badge details, the vehicle registration and plate, the type of work you do including any app platforms, your estimated mileage, and five years of claims and conviction history.
Your licence
- Licensing authority
- Badge type and number
- Date first badged
- Any refusal, suspension or revocation
- Operator you take bookings from
The vehicle
- Registration, make and model
- Plate number and expiry
- Seats and wheelchair accessibility
- Value and any modifications
- Where it is kept overnight
The work
- Public hire, private hire or both
- Apps and platforms you drive for
- Airport, account or school contract work
- Estimated annual mileage
- Hours and days typically worked
Your record
- Driving licence held since
- Claims in the last five years
- Points and convictions
- Taxi no claims bonus and proof of it
- Current insurer and renewal date
Two checks worth making before you buy on price. First, does the certificate state hire and reward, and does the wording match what your licensing authority requires to renew your plate? Second, does the policy cover a replacement plated vehicle and any loss of earnings? A cheaper policy that leaves you off the road for three weeks without a car you are allowed to work in is not cheaper.
Why MyMoneyComparison.com
Comparing Specialist Taxi Cover
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Form for the whole thing
Describe the licence, the vehicle and the work once instead of repeating yourself to each broker.
Licence types, one panel
Public hire and private hire, single vehicles and fleets, apps and rank work.
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Taxi Insurance FAQs
Direct answers on class of use, licensing, app work and what actually voids a policy.
What is taxi insurance?
Taxi insurance is motor insurance written for hire and reward, meaning carrying passengers in return for payment. It covers third party liability as a minimum, liability to your passengers, and on comprehensive the vehicle itself. It is a different class of use from an ordinary private car policy, not an add-on to one.
Can I use my normal car insurance for taxi work?
No. A private car policy covers social, domestic and pleasure use, and sometimes commuting and business use. None of those covers carrying passengers for payment. Doing taxi work on one means the vehicle is being used uninsured, which is a criminal offence and grounds for a licensing authority to act on your badge.
What is the difference between private hire and hackney carriage insurance?
The cover follows the licence. A hackney carriage can be hailed in the street, taken from a rank or pre-booked, so its work pattern is unpredictable. A private hire vehicle can only take work booked through a licensed operator. Insurers rate the two differently because the exposure is different.
Do I need an operator licence?
Only for private hire. Outside London the operator licence applies to whoever accepts bookings and dispatches private hire vehicles. A hackney carriage taking a pre-booked fare is not operating a private hire vehicle, so no operator licence is engaged for that work. Someone must hold one for private hire bookings.
Do my three licences have to come from the same council?
For private hire outside London, yes. The courts have held that the vehicle licence, the driver licence and the operator licence must all come from the same licensing authority. A driver badged by one council driving a car plated by another and taking bookings from a third is operating unlawfully even though each licence is valid.
Can I work outside the area that licensed me?
Within limits. A hackney carriage can take pre-booked fares anywhere in England and Wales. A private hire vehicle can work outside its district, but only on bookings from an operator licensed by that same district, and it cannot ply for hire or use ranks anywhere. The operator has no roaming right at all.
Does working out of area invalidate my insurance?
Not the compulsory part. The Road Traffic Act prevents an insurer from restricting compulsory third party cover by reference to the areas in which a vehicle is used. Working outside your licensed district can be a serious licensing problem, but it is not the insurance problem it is commonly described as online.
What happens if a private hire driver picks up a street hail?
A private hire vehicle may only carry a passenger whose booking was accepted by a licensed operator. Taking a fare that did not come through the operator breaches the licensing regime and may be a plying for hire or touting offence. Licensing authorities prosecute, and some warn drivers they are not covered when picking up without a booking.
Is waiting with the Uber app on classed as plying for hire?
No. The High Court has held that a private hire driver waiting in the street with the app on is not plying for hire, because a vehicle icon on a map is not the vehicle being exhibited and inviting hire, and the booking is made before the specific vehicle is identified. Trade commentary still gets this wrong.
Is there a separate Uber insurance product?
No. Driving for an app platform is private hire work, so you need a private hire licence and a policy written for hire and reward. Uber says you need insurance covering the type of licensed driving you do. In London you must use a provider it accepts; outside London you can use any insurer that meets the requirements.
Do I need public liability insurance?
It is not compulsory anywhere in the UK for taxi or private hire work. Some licensing authorities require it as a condition, usually of the operator and usually attached to premises the public can visit, and often without stating a limit. Whether to buy it beyond that is a commercial judgement rather than a legal requirement.
Does a taxi policy cover my own private journeys?
Not automatically. On at least some wordings the extension to social, domestic and pleasure use applies only where the certificate or schedule says so. Check yours rather than assuming, because using the vehicle privately without that extension is the same class of use problem in reverse.
What is loss of earnings cover?
It contributes to your income while the vehicle is off the road after a claim. Everything else on a taxi policy protects the car or the people around it. This protects the earnings, which for a working driver is usually the larger exposure, and it is the extension drivers most often regret not buying.
What is the difference between named driver and any driver cover?
Named driver cover lists the individuals who may drive. Any driver cover extends to anyone holding the right licence, which suits vehicles rented out to other badged drivers or worked in shifts. Some licensing authorities require the vehicle policy to cover anyone who drives it, so check your conditions.
What can void my taxi insurance?
The two that appear as express terms in policy wordings are the class of use and the driver licence. Policies commonly exclude cover where the driver does not hold a correct and valid private hire or hackney carriage licence. A revoked, suspended or expired badge is the realistic exposure, not the scenarios usually written about.
How much does taxi insurance cost?
There is no standard price, and we do not publish example premiums. No UK body publishes taxi premium data, so any average quoted elsewhere is an assertion. The price is built from your age and experience, your badge history, claims and convictions, the vehicle, your licence type and area, mileage and the cover chosen.
Do I need a taxi fleet policy?
Once you run more than a couple of vehicles it is usually simpler and often cheaper than separate policies. One renewal date, one schedule, and consistent cover across the fleet. It also makes any driver terms easier to arrange, which matters if vehicles are rented to badged drivers or worked in shifts.
Are national taxi licensing standards coming?
Parliament passed the enabling power in 2026, but no national standards have been made under it yet. Until they are, your own licensing authority sets the conditions that decide whether your badge and plate are renewed. Treat claims that national standards already apply with caution.
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About this page
We publish this page to help taxi and private hire drivers understand what their cover has to do, how licensing decides it, and which widely repeated claims about taxi insurance are wrong. It is general information rather than advice. Cover and licence conditions vary, so read your policy documents and your own authority’s conditions before relying on either.
How we researched this page
- The Town Police Clauses Act 1847, the Local Government (Miscellaneous Provisions) Act 1976 and the London and Scottish statutes
- Road Traffic Act 1988 provisions on compulsory motor insurance and what a policy may restrict
- Case law on plying for hire, cross-border licensing and operator contracting
- Department for Transport licensing guidance and the 2026 taxi and private hire statistics
- Published licensing conditions from several English authorities, and a live insurer policy wording
This page corrects four things the market repeats that are not true, including one we had intended to write ourselves until we checked it. Where no reliable source exists we say so: nobody publishes UK taxi premium data, and there is no published breakdown of why taxi claims are declined, so this page carries neither.